Although the risk of tuberculosis infection has declined in the 1980s, the 1990s and began to arise due to the high rate of immigration from countries with the highest number of cases. All immigrant communities are difficult to observe, monitor or treat because of the many differences between races and cultures.

Immunity plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. A healthy immune system reduces the risk of TB in 1 out of 10 cases per year and only rarely a healthy body is infected develop active disease. HIV patients have a weakened immune system and most are unable to fight Mycobacterium. 1 in 10 AIDS patients probably suffer from active TB infection, and those with a positive skin test 1 in 2 will develop tuberculosis. Epidemiological implications are very disturbing, as HIV cases tend to grow very quickly.

A concern of the condition of TB is the development of antibiotic resistance due to the rapid mutation of bacteria. The phenomenon of resistance increases the risk of recurrence and recurrent cases make it more dangerous. The administration of a single drug in the treatment of tuberculosis tends to be dangerous as a single mutant bacilli in sufficient to trigger antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis. Today, doctors prescribe standard medication for this condition: rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. Streptomycin is also effective in the treatment of active tuberculosis. This program of medicines that prevent the growth of all strains of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

In our time TB is well kept under control by good health care system organized in the civilized world. But slowly in developing countries are at high risk of an epidemic due to low chances of preventing, controlling and treating TB cases. Other laboratory studies are needed to establish an effective TB vaccine may reduce the risk of the bacillus. The world of medicine should improve methods of diagnosis and medication available to tackle the tough battle with tuberculosis. Without urgent action, the world’s population, the risks of a new wave of tuberculosis control.